Introduction
According to the Truth & Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015, pg. 23), reconciliation is characterized as "an ongoing process of establishing and maintaining respectful relationships." The commission further articulates (2015, pg. 28) that the reconciliation framework envisions Canada's political and legal systems, educational institutions, and religious institutions operating in harmony with the principles set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Figure 1). The commission asserts that reconciliation is intended for indigenous survivors and their families to heal themselves, their communities, and nations by revitalizing their indigenous cultures, languages, spirituality, laws, and governance systems.
Simultaneously, Melissa Nobles (2020) provides insight into the concept of "transitional justice," defining it as the ideas and practices associated with political transitions from authoritarian and communist regimes. Nobles underscores the efforts of newly democratizing states to address past harms and human rights abuses. Concurrently, the Truth & Reconciliation Commission of Canada highlights a critical issue within the country's justice system—the persistent denial of safety and opportunities for Aboriginal people. Proposing a comprehensive solution to this systemic failure, the commission advocates for an increased reliance on Aboriginal law, the integration of indigenous justice practices, and a focus on healing. Responding to these challenges, the Canadian government has implemented a coherent program of transitional justice. This includes the implementation of the UNDRIP and a significant investment of over $18 billion over the next five years to strengthen Indigenous communities, as outlined in the 2021 budget, all in order to reconcile with the Aboriginal people.