Analysis
The Speaking Tree as situated in the Shahnameh highlights the importance of Sekandar (Alexander) as a legendary figure in historical texts, particularly emphasizing the traits that make him so appealing as a ruler to be appropriated in various cultural traditions. The reclamation of Alexander in the Shahnameh as a king of Persian lineage exemplifies the ways in which the global influence of Alexander necessitated the myths surrounding him to be retold based on cultural perceptions of honorable rule and greatness. The fact that the Shahnameh is commissioned time and again from leaders in the Islamic tradition highlights its importance as a text depicting kingship and rule in a way revered by the culture. In contrast to the Shahnameh, Hebrew depictions of Alexander in medieval legendary tales emphasize his kindness to Jewish people and present his respect and dedication to Judaism as a method of integrating his personality into Judaic mythology (Bekkum 1986, 221). In his experience with the Speaking Tree, however, what highlights his kingship is not his origin, but rather his willingness to engage with the tree and accept his own demise despite his fears.
The depiction of Sekandar and the Speaking Tree in particular highlights a connection between Sekandar's right to rule and his relationship with nature, connecting the tree itself to concepts of fate and the cycle of life. This connection between man and nature as a source of awe in mythology is not alone in its kind- and not limited to Persian mythology. As explained by Abbas Mehrpooya, nature is a force of wisdom which 'not only affords a perfect influence for man to study the mind and realize the self, but also sows its seeds in the human unconscious to naturally nurture his/her intellect and advance his/her territory of wisdom' (70). This connection between the man and nature is rendered even more evident in the speaking heads on the tree, dispensing their prophetic words to Sekandar. In the artifacts depicting Sekandar and the Speaking Tree, the tree is always placed in the focal point of the page, with Sekandar looking serene and accepting underneath it. The compositions of the two Shahnameh pages both highlighting the looming tree above Sekandar, without the king revealing any fear, further highlights a bond between him and nature, emphasizing his place in the natural cycles of fate as his reign draws to a close.
In these ways, the relationship between Sekandar and the Speaking Tree highlight many of the vital aspects of Sekandar and the Shahnameh as a whole's importance in the mythology of Alexander. The examination of this monster in the Shahnameh highlights both the cultural importance of this text and the ways it differs from other depictions of Alexander, as well as the ways in which it uses nature to highlight Alexander's natural ability to rule.
