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                <text>Veteres Consuetudines Normanniae</text>
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                <text>A 1346 Latin manuscript of the Coutumier de Normandie. </text>
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                <text>Bibliothèque nationale de France.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc63637h"&gt;Catalogue Entry.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1346.</text>
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                <text>Lisieux, Normandy. </text>
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                <text>"The concordancing system described at this date was to be written in Fortran on a Univac 1108. The Univac 1108 computer was modular and extensible but could easily fill a room with its various components, including not only the processor (or processors) but also the memory, console, card reader and punch, and reel-to-reel magnetic tapes; the purchase and installation cost was well over a million US dollars, and the operating cost to enter a million words of text and generate a concordance was estimated at about $30,000 in 1973. [...] Richard Venezky and his team found that existing systems for text analysis were prohibitively expensive, and so by 1975 they had developed their own, LEXICO, written in Fortran and run on a Univac 1110: this offered the editors facilities for storage, editing, concordancing, and lemmatizing. (Peter A. Stokes, "The Digital Dictionary," Florilegium, vol. 26 (2009): 37-65, p. 38)</text>
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                <text>Audiovisual Collections and Digital Initiatives Department, Hagley Museum and Library</text>
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Toronto</text>
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                <text>Tiraz Textile, Egypt</text>
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                <text>The Tiraz was worn often as an armband, woven with Arabic script. The woven text would invoke blessings on its owner / wearer. The Tiraz featured in this image displays an inscription of a ruler's name, a common trait in Egyptian Tiraz during the Fatimid period</text>
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                <text>Fatimid period, Egypt (909-1171); mid-12th century</text>
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                <text>Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Aga Khan Museum</text>
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Material: Linen tabby, with red and yellow silk tapestry-woven bands</text>
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Egypt</text>
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                <text>Tiraz textile fragments, Egypt, 10th century, Linen with tapestry-woven inscription in silk , ROM, 978.76.984 A</text>
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                <text>These delicate tapestry-woven textile armbands with inscriptions (Arabic tiraz) rendered in golden Kufic script lettering would have adorned the wearer's body in a luxurious echo of the regal blue and gold parchment Qur'ans produced during the Fatimid Dynasty. These fragments, which likely came from two different garments of a matching set, include the phrase "Abu l-Mansur," part of the name of the Fatimid Caliph al-Aziz Billah (975-96), whose reign brought the founding of Cairo"s al-Azhar University (988), military expansion into Palestine and Syria, and economic and social stability. The inscription reads, "[In the name of God] the Merciful, the Compassionate! There is no God but God alone. Victory from God and imminent conquest to Abdullah and his viceroy Abu l-Mansur."</text>
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                <text>Dimensions: Mount dims: 20" x 33"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Material: Linen with tapestry-woven silk inscription</text>
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                <text>The Tantra of the Five Protectoresses (Pa?ñcarak??tantra), Nepal, Kathmandu, ca. 1780, Pigments and carbon black ink on paper, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library Tibetan MSS 00015</text>
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                <text>The oblong pages of this palm-leaf style (pothi) book are covered with Sanskrit phrases (mantra) to treat illness, prevent disaster, and grant wellbeing. The five protective goddesses pictured here embody the five Buddhist mantra collections that make up the text, which continues to be used during festivals in today"s Nepal. These mantra collections (dharani) were copied onto wearable objects for spiritual protection " for example, a cloth that could be tied to the wrist, or paper that could be carried in an amulet. </text>
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                <text>Dimensions: 8.7 x 34.7 x 4.3cm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Material: Pigments and carbon black ink on paper</text>
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                <text>Sanskrit?</text>
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                <text>Kathmandu, Nepal</text>
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                <text>This folio illustrates a scene from Abolqasem Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh which “recounts the history of Iran before Islam” (Canby 13). This scene is painted in vibrant colours with gold illumination on gold speckled paper. Moreover, it depicts the end of cruel King Zahhak’s reign as he is imprisoned by Feraydun in Mount Damavand. Within the mountain’s cavern, Zahhak is bound with illuminated gold chains and is rendered powerless with his arms outstretched and his lowered gaze. Although this folio marks Zahhak’s decline, it also represents the ascension of a new king through the figure of Feryadun. Feraydun assumes an authoritative position as he grips the ox-headed mace and points a finger at Zahhak in disapproval. Outside the cave, various men await Feraydun’s orders to seal the opening. At the base of the mountain is a hunting party (Aga Khan Museum, “The Death of Zahhak”) with men engaging in falconry and leading horses across the rocky terrain.</text>
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                <text>Sultan Muhammad</text>
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                <text>This folio was originally bound in the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. However, the manuscript was unbound in 1970 by Arthur A. Houghton Jr. in order to distribute individual works to various museums and art collectors (Canby 18). As a result, it now exists as an individual folio.</text>
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                <text>ca. 1535</text>
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                <text>Tabriz, Iran</text>
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                  <text>BOLINTINEANU - BSR</text>
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                <text>Fisher Arab MSS 00087 c.1</text>
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                <text>The Choice Book of Fatwas (Kit?b al-Mukht?r lil-fatwa) , ?Abd All?h ibn Ma?m?d ?anaf?" (1203"1284), Egypt, 1425, Manuscript: parchment, red and black ink on paper , Binding: leather, pasteboard, , Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, Arabic MSS 00087,</text>
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                <text>This fifteenth-century copy of an important textbook in Islamic law is intricately annotated with the notes of a legal expert (Arabic faqih) in Egypt who was using the book as a teaching tool. The notes are largely case studies and problems in law, written in a skillful and highly educated hand. Perhaps the writer was planning to consolidate these notes into a published commentary of his own, to educate future generations through the book.</text>
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                <text>Dimensions: 22 x 16 cm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Material: Manuscript: parchment, red and black ink on paper Binding: leather, pasteboard</text>
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                <text>Egypt</text>
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                <text>Texte latin de la coutume de Normandie, avec quelques jugements de l'échiquier.</text>
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                <text>Fourteenth-century Latin manuscript of the Coutumier de Normandie, with judgements of the Exchequer. 153 leaves; 12 by 9 cm. </text>
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                <text>Touques, Normandy. </text>
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                <text>Latin manuscript of the Coutumier, with judgements of the Exchequer of Normandy from the beginning of the fourteenth century. 153 leaves; 12 by 9 cm.</text>
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